METHOD & SOURCES

Define the work. Test a measurable change.

The method answers one question: what is the smallest change that can improve this work? Observation shows the problem. A test shows whether the change helped. The client decides what happens next.

01

THE METHOD

Five steps from uncertainty to a decision.

Each step supplies the facts for the next. Completing a step does not approve another one.

  1. 01

    Define the job

    State what a person or team must accomplish without assuming the current tool is the answer.

  2. 02

    Observe the work

    Follow authorized examples from trigger to outcome. Record decisions, exceptions, handoffs, and delays.

  3. 03

    Model the rules

    Separate observed facts from interpretation. Ask operators to correct the model and expose counterexamples.

  4. 04

    Choose the change

    Compare policy, training, configuration, purchased software, integration, custom work, and no change.

  5. 05

    Test and measure

    Test one change against a baseline, known risks, stop conditions, and a client decision.

02

FOUR RULES

Evidence, decision, choice, result.

01

EVIDENCE

Observation is not policy.

What people do can suggest a rule. It cannot approve one.

02

AUTHORITY

A named person decides.

The client approves policy, exceptions, access, and production use.

03

CHOICE

Use the smallest change that works.

A clearer rule or better configuration should beat custom software when it solves the problem.

04

RESULT

A launch is not a result.

Measure use, failures, exceptions, cost, and the result the client wanted.

03

SELECTED SOURCES

The ideas behind the practice.

These works shaped the method. Inclusion does not imply endorsement of Tinework’s synthesis.

  1. 01

    BOOK

    Jobs to Be Done: Theory to Practice

    Anthony W. Ulwick. Strategyn, 2016.

  2. 02

    BOOK

    Contextual Design

    Hugh Beyer and Karen Holtzblatt. Morgan Kaufmann / Elsevier, 1997.

  3. 03

    ARTICLE

    Reengineering Work: Don’t Automate, Obliterate

    Michael Hammer. Harvard Business Review, 1990.

  4. 04

    ARTICLE

    Ironies of Automation

    Lisanne Bainbridge. Automatica, 1983.

  5. 05

    ARTICLE

    Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier

    Fabrizio Dell’Acqua et al.. Harvard Business School Working Paper 24-013, 2023.

  6. 06

    FRAMEWORK

    The PDSA Cycle

    W. Edwards Deming Institute. The W. Edwards Deming Institute, ongoing.

  7. 07

    ARTICLE

    The Four Big Risks

    Marty Cagan. Silicon Valley Product Group, 2017.

  8. 08

    FRAMEWORK

    Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)

    National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST AI 100-1, 2023.

FULL REFERENCE

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